🖥️emacs
➡️This is a command-line reference manual for commands and command combinations that you don’t use often enough to remember it. This cheatsheet explains the emacs command with important options and switches using examples.
9 minute read
▁ ▂ ▃ ▄ ꧁ 🔴☠ COMMANDLINE-KUNGFU WITH CHEATSHEETS ☠🔴꧂▅ ▃ ▂ ▁
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# Basic usage
Indent Select text then press TAB
Cut CTRL-w
Copy ALT-w
Paste ("yank") CTRL-y
Search/Find CTRL-s
Replace ALT-% (ALT-SHIFT-5)
Save CTRL-x CTRL-s
Load/Open CTRL-x CTRL-f
Undo CTRL-x u
Highlight all text CTRL-x h
Directory listing CTRL-x d
Cancel a command CTRL-g
Font size bigger CTRL-x CTRL-+
Font size smaller CTRL-x CTRL--
# Buffers
Split screen vertically CTRL-x 2
Split screen vertically with 5 row height CTRL-u 5 CTRL-x 2
Split screen horizontally CTRL-x 3
Split screen horizontally with 24 column width CTRL-u 24 CTRL-x 3
Revert to single screen CTRL-x 1
Hide the current screen CTRL-x 0
Kill the current screen CTRL-x k
Move to the next buffer CTRL-x O
Select a buffer CTRL-x b
Run command in the scratch buffer CTRL-x CTRL-e
# Other stuff
Open a shell ALT-x eshell
Goto a line number ALT-x goto-line
Word wrap ALT-x toggle-word-wrap
Spell checking ALT-x flyspell-mode
Line numbers ALT-x linum-mode
Toggle line wrap ALT-x visual-line-mode
Compile some code ALT-x compile
List packages ALT-x package-list-packages
# Line numbers
To add line numbers and enable moving to a line with CTRL-l:
(global-set-key "\C-l" 'goto-line)
(add-hook 'find-file-hook (lambda () (linum-mode 1)))
# Basics
C-x C-f "find" file i.e. open/create a file in buffer
C-x C-s save the file
C-x C-w write the text to an alternate name
C-x C-v find alternate file
C-x i insert file at cursor position
C-x b create/switch buffers
C-x C-b show buffer list
C-x k kill buffer
C-z suspend emacs
C-X C-c close down emacs
# Basic movement
C-f forward char
C-b backward char
C-p previous line
C-n next line
M-f forward one word
M-b backward one word
C-a beginning of line
C-e end of line
C-v one page up
M-v scroll down one page
M-< beginning of text
M-> end of text
# Editing
M-n repeat the following command n times
C-u repeat the following command 4 times
C-u n repeat n times
C-d delete a char
M-d delete word
M-Del delete word backwards
C-k kill line
#
C-Space Set beginning mark (for region marking for example)
C-W "kill" (delete) the marked region
M-W copy the marked region
C-y "yank" (paste) the copied/killed region/line
M-y yank earlier text (cycle through kill buffer)
C-x C-x exchange cursor and mark
#
C-t transpose two chars
M-t transpose two words
C-x C-t transpose lines
M-u make letters uppercase in word from cursor position to end
M-c simply make first letter in word uppercase
M-l opposite to M-u
# Important
C-g quit the running/entered command
C-x u undo previous action
M-x revert-buffer RETURN
(insert like this) undo all changes since last save
M-x recover-file RETURN
Recover text from an autosave-file
M-x recover-session RETURN
if you edited several files
# Online-Help
C-h c which command does this keystroke invoke
C-h k which command does this keystroke invoke and what does it do?
C-h l what were my last 100 typed keys
C-h w what key-combo does this command have?
C-h f what does this function do
C-h v what\'s this variable and what is it\'s value
C-h b show all keycommands for this buffer
C-h t start the emacs tutorial
C-h i start the info reader
C-h C-k start up info reader and go to a certain key-combo point
C-h F show the emacs FAQ
C-h p show infos about the Elisp package on this machine
# Search/Replace
C-s Search forward
C-r search backward
C-g return to where search started (if you are still in search mode)
M-% query replace
#
Space or y replace this occurence
Del or n don\'t replace
. only replace this and exit (replace)
, replace and pause (resume with Space or y)
! replace all following occurences
^ back to previous match
RETURN or q quit replace
# Search/Replace with regular expressions
# Characters to use in regular expressions:
^ beginning of line
$ end of line
. single char
.* group or null of chars
\< beginning of a word
\> end of a word
[] every char inside the backets (for example [a-z] means every small letter)
#
M C-s RETURN search for regular expression forward
M C-r RETURN search for regular expression backward
M C-s incremental search
C-s repeat incremental search
M C-r incremental search backwards
C-r repeat backwards
M-x query-replace-regexp
search and replace
# Window-Commands
C-x 2 split window vertically
C-x o change to other window
C-x 0 delete window
C-x 1 close all windows except the one the cursors in
C-x ^ enlarge window
M-x shrink-window
command says it ;-)
M C-v scroll other window
C-x 4 f find file in other window
C-x 4 o change to other window
C-x 4 0 kill buffer and window
C-x 5 2 make new frame
C-x 5 f find file in other frame
C-x 5 o change to other frame
C-x 5 0 close this frame
# Bookmark commands
C-x r m set a bookmark at current cursor pos
C-x r b jump to bookmark
M-x bookmark-rename
M-x bookmark-delete
M-x bookmark-save
C-x r l list bookmarks
#
d mark bookmark for deletion
r rename bookmark
s save all listed bookmarks
f show bookmark the cursor is over
m mark bookmarks to be shown in multiple window
v show marked bookmarks (or the one the cursor is over)
t toggle listing of the corresponding paths
w path to this file
x delete marked bookmarks
q quit bookmark list
#
M-x bookmark-write
write all bookmarks in given file
M-x bookmark-load
load bookmark from given file
# Shell
M-x shell starts shell modus
C-c C-c same as C-c under unix (stop running job)
C-d delete char forward
C-c C-d Send EOF
C-c C-z suspend job (C-z under unix)
M-p show previous commands
# DIRectory EDitor (dired)
C-x d start up dired
C (large C) copy
d mark for erase
D delete right away
e or f open file or directory
g reread directory structure from file
G change group permissions (chgrp)
k delete line from listing on screen (don\'t actually delete)
m mark with *
n move to next line
o open file in other window and go there
C-o open file in other window but don\'t change there
P print file
q quit dired
Q do query-replace in marked files
R rename file
u remove mark
v view file content
x delete files marked with D
z compress file
M-Del remove all marks (whatever kind)
~ mark backup files (name~ files) for deletion
# mark auto-save files (#name#) for deletion
*/ mark directory with * (C-u * removes that mark again)
= compare this file with marked file
M-= compare this file with it\'s backup file
! apply shell command to this file
M-} change to the next file marked with * od D
M-{ change to the previous file marked with * od D
% d mark files described through regular expression for deletion
% m mark files described through regular expression for deletion (with *)
+ create directory
> changed to next dir
< change to previous dir
s toggle between sorting by name or date
#
M-x speedbar starts up a separate window with a directory view
# Telnet
M-x telnet starts up telnet-modus
C-d either delete char or send EOF
C-c C-c stop running job (similar to C-c under unix)
C-c C-d send EOF
C-c C-o clear output of last command
C-c C-z suspend execution of command
C-c C-u kill line backwards
M-p recall previous command
# Text
# Works only in text mode
M-s center line
M-S center paragraph
M-x center-region
# Macro-commands
C-x ( start macro definition
C-x ) end of macro definition
C-x e execute last defined macro
M-n C-x e execute last defined macro n times
M-x name-last-kbd-macro
give name to macro (for saving)
M-x insert-keyboard-macro
save named macro into file
M-x load-file
load macro
M-x macroname
execute macroname
# Programming
M C-\ indent region between cursor and mark
M-m move to first (non-space) char in this line
M-^ attach this line to previous
M-; formatize and indent comment
# C, C++ and Java Modes
M-a beginning of statement
M-e end of statement
M C-a beginning of function
M C-e end of function
C-c RETURN Set cursor to beginning of function and mark at the end
C-c C-q indent the whole function according to indention style
C-c C-a toggle modus in which after electric signs (like {}:\';./*) emacs does the indention
C-c C-d toggle auto hungry mode in which emacs deletes groups of spaces with one del-press
C-c C-u go to beginning of this preprocessor statement
C-c C-c comment out marked area
# More general
M-x outline-minor-mode
collapses function definitions in a file to a mere {...}
M-x show-subtree
If you are in one of the collapsed functions, this un-collapses it
# In order to achieve some of the feats coming up now you have to run etags *.c *.h *.cpp
# (or what ever ending you source files have) in the source directory
M-. (Meta dot) If you are in a function call, this will take you to it\'s definition
M-x tags-search ENTER
Searches through all you etaged
M-, (Meta comma) jumps to the next occurence for tags-search
M-x tags-query-replace yum.
This lets you replace some text in all the tagged files
# GDB (Debugger)
M-x gdb starts up gdm in an extra window
# Version Control
C-x v d show all registered files in this dir
C-x v = show diff between versions
C-x v u remove all changes since last checkin
C-x v ~ show certain version in different window
C-x v l print log
C-x v i mark file for version control add
C-x v h insert version control header into file
C-x v r check out named snapshot
C-x v s create named snapshot
C-x v a create changelog file in gnu-style
#==============================##==============================#
# CMD emacs #
#==============================##==============================#
Cheatsheets are an excellent complement to other information sources like Linux man-pages, Linux help, or How-To’s and tutorials, as they provide compact and easily accessible information. While man-pages and detailed tutorials often contain comprehensive explanations and extensive guides, cheatsheets summarize the most important options forthe command emacs in a clear format. This allows users to quickly access the needed information for emacs without having to sift through lengthy texts. Especially in stressful situations or for recurring tasks, cheatsheets for emacs are a valuable resource to work efficiently and purposefully.
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█║▌│║█║▌ WITH COMMANDLINE-KUNGFU POWER █║▌│║█║▌
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